The Spanish word "puerta" meaning "door" comes directly from the Latin word "porta" which meant "door" or "gate". The main sound change that occurred was that the Latin "o" became "ue" in Spanish, which is a common sound change pattern seen in many Spanish words that evolved from Latin.

Some related Spanish words include "portal" (doorway or entrance), "portón" (large door or gate), and "portero/a" (doorkeeper or porter). All these words maintain the original Latin root "port-" and relate to the concept of doors, entrances, and passages.

English has several words that share the same Latin ancestor, including "portal," "port," "porch," and "porter" (in the sense of a doorkeeper). While some of these words have expanded their meanings over time, they all connect back to the basic concept of an entrance or passage. For example, a "portal" is still a kind of doorway or entrance, while a "port" became a specific type of entrance - a harbor for ships.