The Spanish word 'pudor' comes from the Latin noun 'pudor, pudoris' meaning 'shame' or 'modesty'. This Latin noun was formed by combining the verb 'pudere' ('to be ashamed') with the suffix '-or', which was used to create nouns indicating a result or effect of an action. The meaning has remained remarkably stable from Latin to modern Spanish, where it continues to refer to a sense of modesty or shame.

Some related Spanish words include 'impúdico' (immodest), 'pudoroso' (modest, bashful), and 'pudibundo' (prudish). All these words share the same Latin root 'pudere' and relate to concepts of modesty, shame, or their absence.

While English doesn't have many common direct cognates from Latin 'pudere', you might recognize it in more formal or technical words like 'impudent' (shameless, immodest) and 'repudiate' (reject with shame or contempt). The prefix 'im-' in 'impudent' negates the meaning, thus creating 'without shame'.