The Spanish word 'minga' comes directly from the Quechua word 'mink'a', which referred to a traditional system of communal or collective work in Andean communities. This system, still practiced in some areas today, involves members of a community coming together to work on large projects that benefit either individuals or the community as a whole. The Spanish language adopted this word with virtually the same meaning, maintaining both its pronunciation and cultural significance.

Since 'minga' is borrowed directly from Quechua, there aren't any simpler or more common Spanish words that share its etymology. It stands as a unique cultural borrowing that reflects the influence of indigenous Andean cultures on Latin American Spanish.

There aren't any common English words directly related to 'minga', as it comes from Quechua, an indigenous language family of the Andes that had no historical contact with English. However, English has adopted the word 'minga' itself in anthropological contexts to describe this specific form of communal work practice in Andean cultures.