The Spanish word 'mameluco' comes from the Classical Arabic word 'mamlūk', meaning 'slave' or 'possessed'. In its historical context, 'mameluco' originally referred to members of a powerful military caste made up of slave-soldiers who served various Islamic rulers. Over time, in Spanish, the word evolved to also refer to a one-piece garment or coverall, possibly because these garments fully 'possess' or cover the wearer's body.

There aren't many common Spanish words that are directly related to 'mameluco', as it entered Spanish as a specific borrowing from Arabic.

English speakers might recognize the related word 'Mameluke' or 'Mamluk', which refers to the same historical military caste. This word followed a similar path from Arabic into English, though it retained only the historical meaning and didn't develop the additional meaning of 'one-piece garment' that the Spanish word acquired.