The Spanish word 'fideos' (meaning 'noodles') comes from the Mozarabic/Hispano-Arabic word 'fidáwš', which also meant 'noodles'. This is an interesting example of culinary vocabulary that entered Spanish during the centuries of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula. Mozarabic was a Romance dialect spoken by Christians living under Muslim rule in medieval Spain, and it was heavily influenced by Arabic. The word maintained both its form and meaning quite closely as it transitioned from Mozarabic into modern Spanish.

There aren't many common Spanish words that are etymologically related to 'fideos', as it stands somewhat isolated in Spanish vocabulary due to its specific Mozarabic origins.

There aren't any common English words directly related to 'fideos'. English terms for noodles and pasta generally come from Italian sources (like 'spaghetti') or have different etymological origins.