The Spanish verb 'perder' (to lose) comes from the Latin verb 'perdere', which also meant 'to lose'. The Latin word was formed by combining two elements: the prefix 'per-' meaning 'completely' and the verb 'dare' meaning 'to give'. So etymologically, the concept of losing something was expressed as 'giving it away completely' in Latin, which evolved into the modern Spanish word 'perder'.

Some common Spanish words that share this root include 'pérdida' (loss), 'perdedor' (loser), and 'perdición' (perdition, ruin). All these words carry the core meaning of loss or destruction inherited from Latin 'perdere'.

While English 'lose' is not related to 'perder', we do have some English words that come from the same Latin root. 'Perdition', meaning complete spiritual ruin or damnation, comes from Latin 'perdere' through Old French. The word 'pardon' is also distantly related, as it comes from Late Latin 'perdonare' (to give completely), which uses the same 'per-' prefix combined with 'donare' (to give), a derivative of 'dare'.