The Spanish word 'chovinismo' (meaning 'chauvinism') comes from the French word 'chauvinisme', which means 'excessive patriotism'. This French term derives from 'chauvin' (meaning 'fanatically patriotic'), which in turn comes from the surname 'Chauvin' - specifically referring to Nicolas Chauvin, a legendary French soldier known for his extreme patriotism and devotion to Napoleon Bonaparte. Nicolas Chauvin became a symbol of excessive nationalism and blind devotion to a cause, leading his name to become the basis for this concept.

Since 'chovinismo' entered Spanish directly from French relatively recently, there aren't many simpler or more common Spanish words that share its etymology. The word stands somewhat alone in Spanish vocabulary, though you might encounter related forms like 'chovinista' (chauvinist).

The English word 'chauvinism' is a direct cognate of Spanish 'chovinismo', as both come from the same French source 'chauvinisme'. While the term originally referred specifically to excessive nationalism, in English it has expanded to mean any form of prejudiced belief in the superiority of one's own group, most commonly in the phrase 'male chauvinism'. The English adjective 'chauvinistic' is also related.