The Spanish word 'chaleco' (meaning 'vest') has an interesting journey through several languages before arriving in Spanish. It originated from the Turkish word 'yelek', also meaning 'vest'. From Turkish, it spread to different Mediterranean languages, including Algerian Arabic where it became 'xileco', and Italian where it transformed into 'giulecco'. The Spanish 'chaleco' ultimately comes through the Italian form, where the initial 'g' sound shifted to 'ch' and the word adapted to Spanish phonology.

Unlike many Spanish words that have multiple related terms within Spanish, 'chaleco' stands somewhat alone in Spanish vocabulary due to its relatively recent borrowing from Turkish through Italian. There aren't many simpler or more common Spanish words that share its etymology.

While English has the word 'vest' to mean the same thing as 'chaleco', they are not etymologically related. The Turkish origin of 'chaleco' didn't make its way into English vocabulary, so there aren't any common English words that share this etymology. This is a case where Spanish and English developed different words from different sources to describe the same item of clothing.