The Spanish word 'aldea' meaning 'village' comes from Hispano-Arabic 'aḍḍáy'a' meaning 'farm, estate'. This Hispano-Arabic term was formed by combining two Classical Arabic elements: the definite article 'al-' meaning 'the' and the noun 'ḍay'ah' meaning 'farm, estate'. Over time, as the word was adopted into Spanish, both its pronunciation and meaning evolved slightly, shifting from referring to a single farm or estate to describing a small village or hamlet.

While 'aldea' itself is a relatively common Spanish word, many Spanish words beginning with 'al-' share a similar Arabic origin, as this prefix was the Arabic definite article. However, there aren't any simpler or more common Spanish words that are directly etymologically related to 'aldea' itself.

There aren't any common English words directly related to 'aldea' since it comes from Arabic rather than the Latin or Germanic roots that gave rise to most English vocabulary. However, English speakers might find it helpful to know that the word is somewhat parallel in meaning to English terms like 'hamlet' or 'village', though these aren't etymologically related.